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Earthquake Definition Geography Earthquakes are seismic events that involve the sudden release of energy from Earth's lithosphere that create seismic waves that can cause vibrations and shaking. They are usually caused by movement of tectonic plates or by volcanic activity. Earthquakes can range in size from small tremors to catastrophic events that can cause significant damage and loss of life. 1  T ypes of Earthquake There are three main types of earthquakes: 1. Tectonic Earthquakes:  These are caused by the movement of tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust. Tectonic earthquakes are the most common and can cause devastating damage. 2. Volcanic Earthquakes: These are caused by the movement of magma and lava beneath the surface of the Earth. These earthquakes are less frequent, but can be very powerful. 2 3 3.  Collapse Earthquakes:        These occur when buildings, bridges, or other structures collapse due to the shaking...